1. What are the latest developments in PCA pump technology or supplier mergers?
In January 2022, ICU Medical closed its acquisition of Smiths Medical from Smiths Group plc, adding the CADD ambulatory PCA pump line to its portfolio. Since then, most development dollars have moved into cybersecurity patches, wireless interoperability, and dose-error reduction software. By 2025, around 70 percent of electronic PCA pumps sold included some remote dose-tracking or EHR connectivity function.






